Body Simulation

Body Simulation is built around the excellent physiologic and pharmacologic models of N. Ty Smith, M.D. The software is integrated with many aspects of relevant physiology to present users with the most life-like PC based flat screen anesthesia simulation available.

 

N. Ty Smith, M.D. Bibliography, related to BODY Simulation :

These references perform one or more functions: sthey have supplied data for BODY, have generated concepts used in BODY or contain data or concepts that will be used in future versions of BODY. Please note that the first reference contains information that led to the first version of the BODY model, implemented on an analog/hybrid computer. This information was used (1970) long before publication.

This list includes many, but not all of the references used during development of the physiologic and pharmacologic models of N. Ty Smith, M.D.

1. Smith, N.T. and P.C. Smith, Circulatory Effects of Modern Inhalation Anesthetic Agents. , in Modern Inhalation Anesthetic Agents (Handbuch der experimentellen Phamakologie) , M. Chenoweth, Editor. 1972, Springer Verlag: New York. p. 149-241.

2. Zwart, A., et al., Halothane Anesthesia and its Cardiovascular Effects. , in Regulation and Control in Physiological Systems , A. Iberall and A. Guyton, Editors. 1973. p. 34-76.

3. Smith, N.T., Subcutaneous, Muscle, and Body Temperatures in Anesthetized Man. J Appl Physiol, 1962. 17 : p. 306-310.

4. Smith, N.T. and E.J. Lilly, Changes in Ventilation in Pediatric Patients after Removal of Gastric Contents. J Am Med Assoc, 1963. 183 : p. 1078-1081.

5. Smith, N.T. and A.N. Corbascio, The Interaction of Potassium and Calcium on the Isolated Guinea Pig Atrium. Fed Proc, 1964. 23 : p. 326.

6. Corbascio, A.N. and N.T. Smith, Cardiovascular Actions of Succinyl-dicholine in Anesthetized Dogs. Fed Proc, 1964. 23 : p. 437.

7. Smith, N.T., J.W. Bellville, and E.N. Cohen, Interaction of Halothane and D-tubocurarine on Skeletal Muscle in the Cat. The Pharmacologist, 1963. 5 : p. 276.

8. Smith, N.T. and A.N. Corbascio, Hemodynamic Effects of Potassium Infusion in Dogs. Anesthesiology, 1965. 26 : p. 633-641.

9. Smith, N.T. and A.N. Corbascio, Interaction between Pentobarbital and Decreased Calcium Ion on Guinea Pig Atria. Anesth Analg, 1966. 45 : p. 576-581.

10. Smith, N.T. and A.N. Corbascio, Effect of Catecholamine Depletion on pH Dependent Changes of Myocardial-inotropism in Guinea Pig Atrium. Fed Proc, 1966. 25 : p. 384.

11. Smith, N.T. and A.N. Corbascio, Myocardial Resistance to Metabolic Acidosis. Arch Surg, 1966. 92 : p. 892-897.

12. Smith, N.T., The Use of Isobolograms in Anesthesia. Anesth Analg, 1966. 45 : p. 467-473.

13. Smith, N.T. and A.N. Corbascio, Hemodynamic Effects of Metabolic Acidosis in Dogs. Anesthesiology, 1966. 27 : p. 228.

14. Smith, N.T., The Cardiovascular Effects of Nitrous Oxide during Halothane Anesthesia in the Dog. Anesthesiology, 1966. 27 : p. 560-566.

15. Smith, N.T. and C.E. Whitcher, Hemodynamic Effects of Gallamine and D-tubocurarine Administered during Halothane Anesthesia. JAMA, 1967. 199 : p. 704-708.

16. Olivares, G.J., N.T. Smith, and L. Aronow, Effect of Propranolol on Alpha-adrenergic Blockade in the Dog and Isolated Rabbit Aortic Strip. Brit J Pharmacol Chemotherapy, 1967. 30 : p. 240-250.

17. Smith, N.T., Pressor Agents. Calif Med, 1967. 107 : p. 33-46.

18. Smith, N.T. and C.E. Whitcher, Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Methoxamine in Man. Anesthesiology, 1967. 28 : p. 735-748.

19. Smith, N.T. and C.E. Whitcher, Comparison of the Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Methoxamine and Mephentermine in Man. Fed Proc, 1967. 26 : p. 287.

20. Corbascio, A.N. and N.T. Smith, Hemodynamic Effects of Experimental Hypercitremia. Anesthesiology, 1967. 28 : p. 510-516.

21. Gershwin, M.E. and N.T. Smith, Mode of Action of Hydralazine on Guinea Pig Atria. Arch Int Pharmacodyn, 1967. 170 : p. 108-116.

22. Eger, E.I.I., et al., The Cardiovascular Effects of Various Alveolar Halothane Concentrations in Man. Anesthesiology, 1968. 29 : p. 185-187.

23. Smith, N.T. and H. Schwede, Rapid Computation of the Isometric Time-tension Relationship. Fed Proc, 1968. 27 : p. 657.

24. Smith, N.T., et al., The Circulatory Effects of the Addition of Nitrous Oxide to Halothane Anesthesia in Man. Anesthesiology, 1968. 29 : p. 212-213.

25. Katz, J. and N.T. Smith. Cardiovascular Effects of Rapid Intravenous Injections of C14 Labelled Lidocaine in the Dog. 1968: Proc Pan American Medical Assn Congress.

26. Smith, N.T., M.E. Gershwin, and E.J. Hurley, Hemodynamic Effects on Ouabain on the Surgically Denervated, Autotransplanted Dog Heart. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 1968. 173 : p. 95-114.

27. Smith, N.T., et al., Cardiovascular Effects of Halothane in Man. Studies during Induction and Sudden Changes in Concentration. JAMA, 1968. 206 : p. 1495-1499.

28. Richards, R.K., N.T. Smith, and J. Katz, The Effects of Interaction between Lidocaine and Pentobarbital on Toxicity in Mice and Guinea Pig Atria. Anesthesiology, 1968. 29 : p. 493-498.

29. Kadis, L.B., et al., Indirect Methods for Monitoring the Performance of the Heart during Anesthesia; the Time Intervals of Electrical and Mechanical Systole. Anesthesiology, 1969. 30 : p. 343.

30. Smith, N.T., et al., The Effect of Hexamethonium on the Cathecholamine Response to Nitrous Oxide in Man. Anesthesiology, 1969. 30 : p. 352-353.

31. Smith, N.T. and E.J. Hurley, Citrate Infusion in Dogs following Cardiac Autotransplantation. Studies on Cardiovascular Effects. Arch Surg, 1969. 98 : p. 44-48.

32. Smith, N.T. and M.E. Gershwin, Interaction between Potassium Ion and Pentobarbital on Isolated Guinea Pig Atria. Proc Soc Exptl Biol Med, 1969. 131 : p. 82-84.

33. Smith, N.T., Cardiac Function Evaluation , in Techniques in Clinical Physiology - A Survey of Measurements in Anesthesiology , J.B.a.C. Weaver, Editor. 1969, Macmillan: New York. p. 125-176.

34. Smith, N.T. and H.O. Schwede, Open-loop Analysis of the Effect of Halothane on Mean Arterial Pressure. Fed Proc, 1969. 28 : p. 356.

35. Smith, N.T., et al., Cardiovascular Effects of the Addition of Nitrous Oxide to Fluroxene Anesthesia in Man. Proc. Annual Meeting, American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1969: p. 48-49.

36. Cullen, B.F., et al., Cardiovascular Effects of Fluroxene in Man. Proc. Annual Meeting, American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1969: p. 44-45.

37. Eger, E.I.I., et al., Cardiovascular Effects of Halothane in Man. Anesthesiology, 1970. 32 : p. 396-409.

38. Smith, N.T., Discussion: The Cardiac and Peripheral Vascular Effects of Tubocurarine in Man. Anesth Analg, 1970. 49 : p. 664-665.

39. Smith, N.T. and A.N. Corbascio, The Use and Misuse of Pressor Agents. Anesthesiology, 1970. 33 : p. 58-101.

40. Smith, N.T., et al., The Cardiovascular and Sympathomimetic Responses to the Addition of Nitrous Oxide to Halothane in Man. Anesthesiology, 1970. 32 : p. 410-421.

41. Richards, R.K., M.E. Gershwin, and N.T. Smith, Effect of Temperature on Toxicity and Cardiac Chronotropic of Sympathicotropic Drugs. Europ J Pharmacol, 1970. 9 : p. 289-296.

42. Bahlman, S., et al., The Cardiovascular Effects of Nitrous-oxide-halothane Anesthesia in Man. ASA Annual Meeting, 1970: p. 85-86.

43. Cullen, B.F., et al., Cardiovascular Effects of Fluroxene in Man. Anesthesiology, 1970. 32 : p. 218-230.

44. Cullen, B.F., et al., The Circulatory Effects of Hypercapnea during Fluroxene Anesthesia in Man. Abstracts of Scientific Papers. ASA Annual Meeting, 1970, October: p. 97-98.

45. Eger, E.I.I., et al., A Comparison of the Cardiovascular Effects of Halothane, Fluroxene, Ether and Cyclopropane in Man. A Resume. Anesthesiology, 1971. 34 : p. 25-41.

46. Gregory, G.A., et al., The Cardiovascular Effects of Diethyl Ether in Man. Anesthesiology, 1971. 34 : p. 19-24.

47. Whayne, T.F., Jr., et al., The Effects of Halothane Anesthesia on Reflex Cardiovascular Responses to Simulated Diving and the Valsalva Maneuver. Anesthesiology, 1971. 34 : p. 262-270.

48. Hickey, R.F., et al., The Effects of Ether, Halothane and Forane on Apneic Thresholds in Man. Anesthesiology, 1971. 35 : p. 32-37.

49. Cullen, B.F., et al., The Circulatory Response to Hypercapnea during Fluroxene Anesthesia in Man. Anesthesiology, 1971. 34 : p. 415-420.

50. Bahlman, S.H., et al., The cardiovascular effects of nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia in man. Anesthesiology, 1971. 35 : p. 274-285.

51. Zwart, A., N.T. Smith, and J.E.W. Beneken, Multiple Model Voor de Opname en Verdeling van Narcose Gassen. Federatie Vergadering van Medisch-Biolgische Veregingen en van Verengingen ter Bevordering van het Klinisch Wetenschapelijk Onderzoek, 1971. 12 : p. 123.

52. Zwart, A., N.T. Smith, and J.E.W. Beneken, Multiple Model of the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. Abstracts of Scientific Papers, Annual Meeting. American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1971: p. 69-70.

53. Lopes da Silva, F.H., N.T. Smith, and A. Zwart, Dynamic and Steady-state Characteristics of Quantitative EEG during Halothane Anesthesia. Abstracts of Scientific papers, Annual Meeting. American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1971: p. 101-102.

54. Smith, N.T., A. Zwart, and J.E.W. Beneken, An Analog Computer Multiple Model of the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. Proc San Diego Biomed Symp, 1972. 11 : p. 235-241.

55. Smith, N.T., A. Zwart, and J.E.W. Beneken, Interaction between the Circulatory Effects and the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. A Multiple Model. Anesthesiology, 1972. 37 : p. 47-58.

56. Smith, N.T., et al., Effects of Halothane on Myocardial Asynchrony and Anisotropy in the Dog. Fed Proc, 1972. 31 : p. 549.

57. Cullen, D.J., et al., Clinical Signs of Anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1972. 36 : p. 21-36.

58. Smith, N.T., et al., The Cardiovascular Responses to the Addition of Nitrous Oxide to Fluroxene in Man. Brit J Anaesth, 1972. 44 : p. 142-149.

59. Smith, N.T., E.I.I.G. Eger, G.A., and C. B.F., The Cardiovascular Responses to the Addition of Nitrous Oxide to Ether in Man. Canad Anaesth Soc J, 1972. 19 : p. 42-48.

60. Ingels, N.G.J., et al., Stereometric Measurement of Heart Motion, in Quantitative Imagery in the Biomedical Sciences. Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, 1971. 26 : p. 127-128.

61. Jackson, S.H. and N.T. Smith. The Effects of Acetate on Myocardial Contractility of Dogs Anesthetized with Halothane . in Proc 5th world Cong Anaesth . 1972.

62. Zwart, A., N.T. Smith, and J.E.W. Beneken, Multiple Model Approach to Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. Use of an Analog Computer. Comp Biol Med Res, 1972. 55 : p. 228-238.

63. Whayne, T., et al., Reflex Cardiovascular Responses to Simulated Diving. Heart Rate, Intravascular Pressure and Ballistocardiography Changes. Angiology, 1972. 23 : p. 500-508.

64. Smith, N.T., The Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Mephentermine in Man. Brit J Anaesth, 1972. 44 : p. 452-459.

65. Smith, N.T. and H.O. Schwede, The Response of Arterial Pressure to Halothane. A System Analysis. Med Biol Engng, 1972. 10 : p. 207-221.

66. Zwart, A., et al., Dynamic Response to Cardiovascular Variables to Sinusoidal Changes in Inspired Halothane Concentration. Proc 5th World Conf Anaesth, 1972: p. 51-52.

67. Smith, N.T., A. Zwart, and J.E.W. Beneken. Effects of Halothane-induced Changes in Skin, Muscle, and Renal Blood Flows on the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. Use of a Multiple Model . in Proc 5th World Congr Anaesth . 1972.

68. Bahlman, S.H., et al., The cardiovascular effects of halothane in man during spontaneous ventilation. Anesthesiology, 1972. 36 : p. 494-502.

69. Eisele, J.H. and N.T. Smith, The Cardiovascular Effects of 40% Nitrous Oxide in Man. Anesth Analg, 1972. 51 : p. 956-962.

70. Lopes da Silva, F.H., et al., Spectral Analysis of the EEG during Halothane Anesthesia. Input-output Relations. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol, 1972. 33 : p. 311-319.

71. Smith, N.T. and S.F. Vatner, Effect of Halothane on Regional Blood Flow Distribution in Dogs and Primates. Fed Proc, 1973. 32 : p. 714.

72. Gershwin, M.E. and N.T. Smith, Interaction between Drugs using Three-dimensional Isobolographic Interpretation. Arch inter de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, 1973. 201 : p. 154-161.

73. Stockard, J., et al., Structure-activity Relationships of Ether Anesthetics: An Electroencephalographic Study of Diethyl Ether, Fluroxene, Isoflurane and Enflurane. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol, 1973. 34 : p. 713.

74. Gregory, G.A., et al., The Cardiovascular Effects of Carbon Dioxide in Man Awake and during Diethyl Ether Anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1974. 40 : p. 301-304.

75. Fukui, Y. and N.T. Smith, The Influence of Ventilation and Circulation on the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Abstracts of Scientific papers, Annual Meeting, 1974: p. 47-48.

76. Vatner, S.F. and N.T. Smith, Effects of Halothane on Left Ventricular Function and Distribution of Regional Blood Flow in Dogs and Primates. Circulation Research, 1974. 34 : p. 155-167.

77. Stockard, J.J., et al., The Dose-related Epileptogenicity of Ether Anesthetics. Epilepsia, 1974. 15 : p. 283.

78. Stockard, J.J., et al., Quantitative Comparison of the EEG Responses to Halothane and Isoflurane Anesthesia. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol, 1974. 36 : p. 215.

79. Burchiel, K.J., et al., Epileptogenicity of Enflurane and Isoflurane in Man and Cats. Relative Effects of PACO2 on Intersuppressison Activity and Seizure Duration. American Society of Anesthesiologitsts. Abstracts of Scientific Papers, Annual Meeting, 1974: p. 159-160.

80. Fukui, Y. and N.T. Smith, The Computer as a Patient. A New Model of Uptake and Distribution. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Abstracts of Scientific Papers, Annual Meeting, 1974: p. 43-44.

81. Fukui, Y. and N.T. Smith. A Hybrid Computer Multiple Model for the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. I. The Basic Model . in Proc San Diego Biomed Symp . 1974.

82. Fukui, Y. and N.T. Smith. A Hybrid Computer Multiple Model for the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. II. Spontaneous vs. Controlled Ventilation, and the Effects of CO2. in Proc San Diego Biomed Symp . 1974.

83. Filner, B.E., et al., Alterations in Left Ventricular (LV) Function Produced in Normal Volunteers by General Anesthesia. (Abstract). Fed Proc, 1974. 33 : p. 496.

84. Smith, N.T., et al., The Cardiovascular Effects of Nitrous Oxide with Enflurane Anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1975: p. 55-56.

85. Burchiel, K.H., et al., Metabolic and Electrophysiologic Mechanisms in the Initiation and Termination of Enflurane-induced Seizures in Man and Cats. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1975. 38 : p. 555.

86. Calverley, R.K., et al., Man Partially Adapts to the Ventilatory Depressant Effects of Enflurane Anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1975: p. 259-260.

87. Duncan, P.G., et al., Lymphocyte Transformation in Man during and following Prolonged Halothane Anesthesia without Surgery . Abstracts of Scientific Papers. Annual Meeting American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1975: p. 137-138.

88. Cullen, B.F., et al., Lymphocyte Transformation in Man during and following Prolonged Enflurane Anesthesia without Surgery. Anesthesiology, 1975: p. 307-308.

89. Calverley, R.K., et al., The Cardiovascular Effects of Prolonged Enflurane Anesthesia in Man. Anesthesiology, 1975: p. 57-58.

90. Stockard, J.J., et al., Central Sympathetic Stimulation by Triflouroethyl Vinyl Ether (Fluroxene). 5th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Neuroscience Abstracts, 1975: p. 433.

91. Berman, M.L., et al., Enzyme Induction by Enflurane in Man. Anesthesiology, 1975. 44 : p. 496-500.

92. Stockard, J.J., et al., Electrographic Seizures Induced by Fluroxene, Diethyl Ether and Enflurane in Man and Cats. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol, 1975. 38 : p. 97.

93. Stockard, J.J., et al., The Effects of Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide on Epileptiform EEG Activity Produced by Enflurane. Annual Meeting American Society of Anesthesiologists. Abstracts of Scientific Papers, 1975: p. 309-310.

94. Mazze, R.L., et al., The Responses to Vasopressin and Defluorination of High Dose Enflurane Anesthesia in Volunteers. Anesthesiology, 1975: p. 225-226.

95. Calverley, R.K., et al., Comparative Cardiovascular Effects of Enflurane during Spontaneous and Controlled Ventilation in Man. Proc 6th World Congr Anaesth, 1976: p. 74.

96. Berman, M.L., et al., Enzyme Induction by Enflurane in Man. Anesthesiology, 1976. 44 : p. 496-500.

97. Duncan, P.G., et al., Failure of Enflurane and Halothane Anesthesia to Inhibit Lymphocyte Transformation in Volunteers. Anesthesiology, 1976. 45 : p. 661-665.

98. Burchiel, K.J., et al., Relationship of EEG Abnormalities and Serum Bromide Concentration following Halothane Anesthesia. Annual Meeting ASA. Abstracts of Scientific Papers, 1976: p. 195-196.

99. Mazze, R.I., R.K. Calverley, and N.T. Smith, The Response to Vasopressin and Metabolism of High-dose Halothane Anesthesia by Volunteers. ASA. Scientific Abstracts, 1976: p. 359-360.

100. Smith, N.T., et al., The Cardiovascular Response to Changing Halothane Concentrations in Man. ASA. Scientific Abstracts, 1976: p. 359-360.

101. Eger, E.I.I., R.K. Calverley, and N.T. Smith, Change in Blood Chemistries following Prolonged Enflurane Anesthesia. Anesth and Analg, 1976. 55 : p. 547-549.

102. Smith, N.T., et al., The Hemodynamic Impact of Atrial Arrhythmias during Enflurane Anesthesia in Man. Abstracts of Scientific Papers, Annual Meeting. ASA, 1977: p. 99-100.

103. Green, O.C., et al., Decreased Plasma and Urine Testoterone Levels in Men Anesthetized with Enflurane and Halothane. Abstracts of Scientific Papers. Annual Meeting, American Society of Anesthesiologists. 1977: p. 497-498.

104. Mazze, R.I., R.K. Calverley, and N.T. Smith, Inorganic Fluoride Nephrotoxicity: Prolonged Enflurane and Halothane Anesthesia in Volunteers. Anesthesiology, 1977. 46 : p. 265-271.

105. Calverley, R.K., et al., Cardiovascular Effects of Enflurane Anesthesia during Controlled Ventilation in Man. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1978. 57 : p. 619-628.

106. Smith, N.T., et al., Impact of Nitrous Oxide on the Circulation during Enflurane Anesthesia in Man. Anesthesiology, 1978. 48 : p. 344-349.

107. Smith, N.T., et al., The Hemodynamic Impact of Atrial Dysrhythmias during Halothane Anesthesia in Man. Scientific Abstracts. International Anesthesia Research Society, 1978: p. 52.

108. Berman, M.L., et al., Different Effects of Prolonged Anesthesia with Halothane or Enflurane on Adrenal Function in Man. Scientific Abstracts. International Anesthesia Research Society, 1978: p. 82.

109. Jackson, S.H. and N.T. Smith, Acetate Fails to Reverse Myocardial Depression in Dog Anesthetized with Halothane. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1978. 57 : p. 395-403.

110. Calverley, R.K., et al., Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Effects of Enflurane during Spontaneous Ventilation in Man. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1978. 57 : p. 610-618.

111. Fukui, Y., et al. Computer Control of Anesthesia to Regulate Blood Pressure . in Proc International Conference on Cybernetics & Society (IEEE) . 1978.

112. Smith, N.T. and A.B. Baker, The Human EEG during Thiopental or Althesin Induction. Anesthesiology, 1979. 51 (S6).

113. Smith, N.T., et al., EEG during Rapidly Changing Halothane or Enflurane. Anesthesiology, 1979. 51 (S4).

114. Smith, N.T., et al., Contribution of Asynergic Contraction to Halothane-induced Myocardial Depression. Anesth Analg, 1980. 59 : p. 178-185.

115. Smith, N.T., Myocardial Function and Anesthesia , in The Circulation in Anaesthesia , P.-R. C, Editor. 1980, Blackwell: Oxford. p. 57-114.

116. Smith, N.T. and E.I.I. Eger, Isoflurane , in Developments in Drugs Used in Anaesthesia. Boerhaave Series , S. J, et al., Editors. 1981, Leiden University Press: The Hague. p. 172-192.

117. Smith, N.T., Sedatives and Hypnotics , in Drug Interactions in Anesthesia , S.N. Ty, M. RD, and C. AN, Editors. 1981, Lea & Febiger: Philadelphia. p. 197-210.

118. Smith, N.T., R.D. Miller, and A.N. Corbascio, Drug Interactions in Anesthesia . 1981, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 350.

119. Fukui, Y. and N.T. Smith, Interaction Among Ventilation, the Circulation, and the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. Use of a Hybrid Computer Model II. Spontaneous vs. Controlled Ventilation, and the Effects of CO2. Anesthesiology, 1981. 54 : p. 119-124.

120. Fukui, Y. and N.T. Smith, Interaction among Ventilation, the Circulation, and the Uptake and Distribution of Halothane. Use of a Hybrid Computer Model I. The Basic Model. Anesthesiology, 1981. 54 : p. 107-118.

121. Smith, N.T., Dangers and Opportunities , in Drug Interactions in Anesthesia , S.N. Ty, M. RD, and C. AN, Editors. 1981, Lea & Febiger: Philadelphia. p. 1-9.

122. Hoffman, H.T., et al., Anesthesia in Septorhinoplasty. Effects of Halothane vs. Nitrous Oxide Narcotic on Bleeding. Arch Otolaryngol, 1982. 108 : p. 83-86.

123. Smith, N.T., et al., A Comparison among Morphine, Fentanyl, and Sufentanil Anesthesia for Open-heart Surgery. Induction, Emergence, and Extubation. Anesthesiology, 1982. 57 (3): p. A291.

124. Benthuysen, J.L., et al., The Physiology of Narcotic-induced Rigidity. Anesthesiology, 1984. 61 (3A:A530).

125. Mandel, J.E., et al., A New Real Time Model of the Cardiovascular System. IEEE Frontiers of Engineering and Computing in Health Care, 1984: p. 458-460.

126. Smith, N.T., et al., The Assessment of Anesthetic Depth by EEG During High-Dose Narcotic Anesthesia , in Opioids in Anesthesia , E. FG, Editor. 1984, Butterworths: Boston. p. 61-66.

127. Smith, N.T., et al., The EEG during High-dose Fentanyl, Sufentanil or Morphine-oxygen Anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1984. 63 : p. 386-393.

128. Mandel, J.E., et al., Towards Realism in Modelling the Clinical Administration of a Cardiovascular Drug. Anesthesiology, 1985. 63 (3A): p. A504.

129. Martin, J.F., et al., A New Cardiovascular Model for On-line Model-based Applications. J Clin Monit, 1985. 1 : p. 83.

130. Blasco, T.A., et al., Alfentanil-induced Rigidity in the Rat: the Role of the Nucleus Raphe Pontis and the Caudate Nucleus. Anesthesiology, 1985. 63 (3A): p. A381.

131. Smith, N.T. Comparison of the Sedative Effects of Astemizole, Diphenhydramine and Placebo . in Focus on Astemizole in Chronic Urticaria . 1985: Medical Education Services Limited, Oxford.

132. Martin, J.F., et al., A New Cardiovascular Model for Real-time Applications. Trans Soc Computer Simulation, 1986. 3 : p. 31-65.

133. Kurki, T.S., et al., Changes in Distal Blood Flow during Radial Artery Cannulation. Anesthesiology, 1986. 65 : p. A121.

134. Fung, D. and N.T. Smith, Anesthetic Considerations in Asthmatic Patients , in Bronchial Asthma, Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment (2nd Ed) , G. ME, Editor. 1986, Grune & Stratton: New York. p. 525-540.

135. Schwid, H.A., C. Wakeland, and N.T. Smith, A Simulator for General Anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1986. 65 (A475).

136. Sanford, T.J., et al., A Comparison among Morphine, Fentanyl and Sufentanil Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery. Induction, Emergence, and Extubation. Anesth Analg, 1986. 65 : p. 259-266.

137. Smith, N.T. and A. Corbascio, Drug Interactions in Anesthesia . 2nd ed. 1986, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 482 p.

138. Smith, N.T., Dangers and Opportunities , in Drug Interactions in Anesthesia , N.T. Smith, Corbascio, AN, Editor. 1986, Lea & Febiger: Philadelphia. p. 1-11.

139. Martin, J.F., A.M. Schneider, and N.T. Smith, Multiple-model Adaptive Control of Blood Pressure Using Sodium Nitroprusside. IEEE Trans on Biomed Eng, 1987. 34 (8): p. 603-611.

140. Weinger, M.B., et al., Localization of Brain Sites which May Play a Role in Alfentanil-induced Muscle Rigidity in the Rat. Anesthesiology, 1987. 67 (3A): p. A394.

141. Weinger, M.B., et al., Localization of Brainstem Sites which Appear to Mediate Alfentanil-induced Muscle Rigidity in the Rat. Anesthesiology, 1987. 67 : p. 60-66.

142. Quinn, M.L., et al., The Case for Designer Animals: (Use of Simulation to Reduce Animal Studies). Anesthesiology, 1987. 67 (3): p. A215.

143. Smith, N.T., Importance of Physical and Chemical Properties of Inhalation Anaesthetic Agents for their Administration , in Anesthesia par Inhalation . 1987, Arnette: Paris. p. 7-22.

144. Smith, N.T., Mathematical Model of Uptake and Distribution of Inhalation Anaesthetic Agents , in Anesthesia par Inhalation , P. Viars, Editor. 1987, Arnette: Paris. p. 87-118.

145. Weinger, M.B., et al., Ketanserin Pretreatment Reverses Alfentanil-induced Muscle Rigidity. Anesthesiology, 1987. 67 : p. 348-354.

146. Masuzawa, T., et al., Simulation Model of Cardiovascular Response for Drug Administration. J Clin Monit, 1988. 4 (2): p. 63.

147. Masuzawa, T., et al., Adaptive Blood Pressure Control System with Initial Identification for Sodium Nitroprusside Responses. J Clin Monit, 1988. 4 (2): p. 62.

148. Weinger, M.B., et al., Localization of Brainstem Sites which Mediate Alfentanil-induced Muscle Rigidity in the Rat. Pharm Biochem & Behav, 1988. 29 : p. 573-580.

149. Benthuysen, J.L., et al., Prebypass Hemodynamic Stability of Sufentanil-O2, Fentanyl-O2, and Morphine-O2 Anesthesia during Cardiac Surgery: A Comparison of Cardiovascular Profiles. J of Cardiothoracic Anes, 1988. 12 (6): p. 749-757.

150. Sanford, T.J., et al., The Effect of Midazolam Pretreatment on Alfentanil-induced Muscle Rigidity. Anesthesiology, 1988. 69 (3A): p. A556.

151. Sitar, D., et al., Aging and Alfentanil Disposition in Healthy Volunteers and Surgical Patients. Canad J Anaesth, 1989. 36 (2): p. 149-54.

152. Smith, N.T. and S. A.V., Teaching Vasodepressors with Sleeper. Anesthesiology, 1989. 71 : p. A990.

153. Bogner, M.S., et al. Anesthesia simulation . in Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting . 1991. San Francisco, CA.

154. Edmonds, H.L. and N.T. Smith, Monitoring the Adequacy of Opioid Anesthesia , I.F.G. Estafanous, Editor. 1991, Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 151-162.

155. Dutton, R.C., W.D. Smith, and N.T. Smith, Does the EEG Predict Anesthetic Depth Better Than Cardiovascular Variables? Anesthesiology (suppl), 1990. 73 : p. A532.

156. Dutton, R.C., W.D. Smith, and N.T. Smith, EEG prediction of arousal during anesthesia with combinations of isoflurane, fentanyl, and N2O. Anesthesiology, 1991. 75 (3A): p. A448.

157. Weinger, M., et al., Brain Sites Mediating Opiate-Induced Muscle Rigidity in the Rat: Methylnaloxonium Mapping Study. Brain Research, 1991. 544 : p. 181-190.

158. Scanlon, T.S., J.F. Martin, and N.T. Smith, Manual vs automatic control in the induction and maintenance of deliberate hypotension: Simulation studies. Anesthesiology, 1991. 75 (3A): p. 462.

159. Martin, J., et al. Supervisory adaptive control of arterial pressure. Performance during cardiac surgery . in Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Biology and Medicine Society . 1991.

160. Masuzawa, T., Y. Fukui, and N.T. Smith, Cardiovascular simulation using a multiple modeling method on a digital computer-simulation of interaction between the cardiovascular system and angiotensin II. J Clin Monit, 1992. 7 (1): p. 50-58.

161. Martin, J., et al., Improved Safety and Efficacy in Adaptive Control of Arterial Blood Pressure Through the Use of a Supervisor. IEEE Trans on Biomed Eng, 1992. 39 : p. 381-388.

162. Cintron, L., N.T. Smith, and M.P. Printz, Protein binding of drugs, with emphasis on synthetic opioids. Anesth Analg, 1992: p. Accepted, pending revision.

163. Martin, J., et al., Supervisory Adaptive Control of Arterial Pressure During Cardiac Surgery. IEEE Trans on Biomed Eng, 1992. 39 : p. 389-393.

164. Martin, J., et al., Adaptive Control of Arterial Pressure: A Supervisor Can Improve Safety and Efficacy , in Computing and Monitoring in anesthesia and Intensive Care , K. Ikeda, et al., Editors. 1992, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 150-152.

165. Dutton, R.C., W.D. Smith, and N.T. Smith, The hand squeeze response test predicts learning during emergence from general anesthesia. J Clin Monit, 1992. 8 : p. 169.

166. Scanlon, T.S., et al., A noninvasive method for estimating a new variable: Arterial compliance. J Clin Monit, 1992. 8 : p. 161-162.

167. Fukui, Y., et al., Digital Computer Simulation of Cardiovascular System in Bleeding Patient for Clinical Management , in Computing and Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care , K. Ikeda, et al., Editors. 1992, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 64-72.

168. Smith, N.T., et al., Performance Evaluation of a Closed-Loop Sodium Nitroprusside Delivery Device During Hypotensive Anesthesia in Mongrol Dogs , in Computing and Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care , K. Ikeda, et al., Editors. 1992, Springer-Verlag: Berlin. p. 147-149.

169. Saidman, L.J. and N.T. Smith, eds. Monitoring in Anesthesia . 3rd ed. 1993, Butterworths: London. 539.

170. Smith, W., R. Dutton, and N.T. Smith, Wakeful response to command indicates memory potential during emergence from general anesthesia. J Clin Monit, 1994. 10 : p. In Press.

171. Smith, W., R. Dutton, and N.T. Smith, Brief wakeful response to command indicates wakefulness with suppression of memory formation during surgical anesthesia. J Clin Monit, 1994. 10 : p. In Press.

172. Smith, N.T. Supervisory adaptive control of arterial blood pressure by vasoactive agents . 1994. Bonn, Germany: Springer.

173. Smith, N.T. and E. Wahrenbrock, Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Halogenated Anesthetic Agents , in Inhaled Anesthetic Agents , E. Balagny, et al., Editors. 1994, Arnette: Paris. p. 1-15.

174. Sanford, T., Jr, et al., Pretreatment with sedative-hypnotics, but not with nondepolarizing muscle relaxants, attenuates alfentanil-induced muscle rigidity. J Clin Anesth, 1994. 6 : p. 473-480.

175. Dutton, R., W. Smith, and N.T. Smith, Brief wakeful response to command indicates wakefulness with suppression of memory formation during surgical anesthesia. J Clin Monit, 1995. 11 : p. 41-46.

176. Dutton, R., W. Smith, and N.T. Smith, Wakeful response to command indicates memory potential during emergence from general anesthesia. J Clin Monit, 1995. 11 : p. 35-40.

177. Weinger, M., et al., A role for CNS alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in opiate-induced muscle rigidity in the rat. Brain Research, 1995. 669 : p. 10-18.

178. Smith, N.T. and K. Starko, PC-based anesthesia simulators. Journal of Anesthesia (Japanese), 1995. 9 (Supplement): p. 160.

179. Smith, N.T., et al., Problems and pitfalls with anesthetic control systems: An approach to these problems with supervisory adaptive control , in Anesthesia: Implications for the Coming Century , K. Ikeda, et al., Editors. 1996, Churchill Livingstone: Tokyo. p. 112-119.

180. Smith, N.T., K. Starko, and T. Davidson, PC-based anesthesia simulators , in Anesthesia: Implications for the Coming Century , K. Ikeda, et al., Editors. 1996, Churchill Livingstone: Tokyo. p. 1-14 (plus CD-ROM).

181. Smith, W., R. Dutton, and N.T. Smith, Measuring the performance of anesthetic depth indicators. Anesthesiology, 1996. 84 : p. 38-51.

182. Smith, N.T. and K. Starko, Anesthesia circuit , in Complications in Anesthesiology , J. Atlee, Editor. 1998.

183. Quinn, M.L., et al., Automatic Control of Arterial Pressure in the Operating Room: Safety during Episodes of Artifact and Hypotension. Anesthesiology, 1988. 69 (3A): p. A327.

184. Smith, N.T. and H.O. Schwede, Rapid Computation of Myocardial Contractility in Intact Animals. J Appl Physiol, 1969. 26 : p. 241-247.

185. Smith, N.T., R.L. Van Citers, and P.D. Verdouw, Relation between the Pneumocardiogram and Aortic Flow in the Baboon: Ballistocardiography and Cardiovascular Performance. Bibl Cardiol, 1969. 24 : p. 34-44.

186. Smith, N.T. and J.I.E. Hoffman, Evaluation of the Circulation-pulmonary and Otherwise - in Man (Editorial). Anesthesiology, 1969. 30 : p. 589-592.

187. Reitan, J.A., N.T. Smith, and L.B. Kadis, The Corrrelation between the Cardiac Pre-ejection Period and Ascending Aortic Blood Flow Acceleration. Proc. Annual Meeting, American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1969: p. 13.

188. Reitan, J.A., N.T. Smith, and B.L. Kadis . A Non-invasive Correlate of Ascending Aortic Blood Flow Acceleration. Brit J Anaesth, 1970. 42 : p. 87.

189. Smith, N.T., E.I.I. Eger, and L.B. Kadis, Analogue Computers in the Study of Anaesthetic and Ancillary Agents. , in Progress in Anaesthesiology . 1970, Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam. p. 597-605.

190. Verdouw, P.D., et al., The Acceleration Ballistocardiogram in Relation to Left Ventricular Flow in the Baboon. Ballistocardiography and Clinical Studies. Bibl. Cardiol, 1971. 27 : p. 64-73.

191. Shakespeare, T., et al., ULF Ballistocardiography in Human Cardiac Transplantation. Ballistocardiography and Clinical Studies. Bibl. Cardiol., 1971. 27 : p. 1-9.

192. Reitan, J.A., et al., The Cardiac Pre-ejection Period: A Correlate of Peak Ascending Aortic Blood Flow Acceleration. Anesthesiology, 1972. 36 : p. 76-80.

193. Ingels, N.B., et al. A Comparison of Directly Measured and Hemodynamically Inferred Indices of Myocardial Performance. in Proc Biomed Eng Soc Ann Meeting. Abstract . 1972.

194. Smith, P.C. and N.T. Smith, Anesthetic Management of a Very Premature Infant. Brit J Anaesth, 1972. 44 : p. 736-741.

195. Daughters, G.T., et al., Regional Myocardial Dynamics from Single-plane Coronary Cineangiograms. J Biomechanics, 1973. 6 : p. 25-30.

196. Myer, R.R., et al., Power Spectral Analysis of EEG Data during Anesthesia. Electroencepha Clin Neurophysiol, 1974. 36 : p. 213-214.

197. Smith, N.T., et al., The EEG as an Indicator of Changing Anesthetic Depth in Man. Annual Meeting. ASA Abstracts of Scientific Papers, 1976: p. 192-193.

198. Smith, N.T. and C.D. Rader, Oxygen Monitoring and End-tidal Gas Analysis in Anesthesia. Cardiopulmonary Tech, 1977: p. 31.

199. Smith, N.T., J.T. Flick, and M.L. Quinn, A Controller for the Automatic Infusion of Na Nitroprusside. Does It Perform as Well as the Anesthetist? Abstracts of Scientific Papers, Annual Meeting ASA. 1977: p. 691-692.

200. Saidman, L. and N.T. Smith, eds. Monitoring in Anesthesia . 1st ed. 1978, Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York. 356.

201. Smith, N.T., Computers in Anesthesia . Monitoring in Anesthesia, ed. L.J. Saidman and N.T. Smith. 1978, New York: Wiley and Sons, Inc. 52.

202. Smith, N.T., et al., The Computer as a Patient, Hemodynamic Similarities between Model and Man Scientific Abstracts, American Society of Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology, 1978: p. 27-28.

203. Fukui, Y., et al., Control of Arterial Blood Pressure under Halothane Anesthesia by Microcomputer. (In Japanese). Proc Japan Soc Mech Eng & Bioeng., 1978: p. 21.

204. Gravenstein, J.S., et al., Monitoring Surgical Patients in the Operating Room . 1979, Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 270 p.

205. Fleming, R.A. and N.T. Smith, Microcomputers in Operating Room Monitoring , in Monitoring Surgical Patients in the Operating Room , G. JS, et al., Editors. 1979, Charles C. Thomas: Springfield, Illinois. p. 170-180.

206. Smith, N.T., et al., Does Thiopental or N2O Disrupt the EEG during Enflurane? Anesthesiology, 1979. 51 (S5).

207. Rampil, I.J., et al., A New Method for Testing the Response to an Inhalation Agent. Anesthesiology, 1979. 51 (3S): p. S26.

208. Beduhn, D.L., et al., A New Model of Anesthesia Dynamics. Proc 32nd Conf on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 1979: p. 76.

209. Smith, N.T., et al. Changes in Systolic Time Intervals During Halothane, Enflurane or Isoflurane Anesthesia in Healthy Man . in Systolic Time Intervals . 1980. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

210. Todd, M.M., et al., Intracranial Pressure Effects of Low and High Frequency Ventilation. Anesthesiology, 1980. 53 (3S).

211. Rampil, I.J., et al., Spectral Edge Frequency - a New Correlate of Anesthetic Depth. Anesthesiology, 1980. 53 (3S): p. S37.

212. Smith, N.T. and M. Demetrescu, The EEG during High-dose Fentanyl Anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1980. 53 (3S): p. S7.

213. Smith, P.C. and N.T. Smith, The Special Considerations of the Premature Infant , in Some Practical Aspects of Paediatric Anaesthesia , S. DJ, Editor. 1982, Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press: Amsterdam. p. 273-329.

214. Smith, N.T., et al., Aperiodic Analysis of EEG Response to Fentanyl and Sufentanil Anesthesia during Open-heart Surgery. Anesth Analg, 1983. 62 : p. 284-285.

215. Smith, N.T., Monitoring the Respiratory System , in Integrated Approach to Monitoring , G. JS, et al., Editors. 1983, Butterworths: London. p. 61-63.

216. Saidman, L. and N.T. Smith, eds. Monitoring in Anesthesia . 1984, Butterworths: London. 556 p.

217. Rampil, I.J. and N.T. Smith, Computers in Anesthesia , in Monitoring in Anesthesia (2nd Ed) , S. LJ and S.N. Ty, Editors. 1984, Butterworths: London. p. 441-496.

218. Levy, W.J., B. Grundy, and N.T. Smith, The Electroencephalogram , in Monitoring in Anesthesia (2nd Ed) , S. LJ and S.N. Ty, Editors. 1983, Butterworths: London. p. 227-267.

219. Smith, N.T., et al., Detecting Mild Sedation with the EEG. Anesthesiology, 1984. 61 (3A): p. A180.

220. Smith, N.T., et al., The EEG of Alfentanil: A Comparison with Other Narcotics and with Thiopental. J Clin Monit, 1985. 1 (4): p. 236-243.

221. Rampil, I.J. and N.T. Smith, Comparison of EEG Indices during Halothane Anesthesia. J Clin Monit, 1985. 1 : p. 89.

222. Smith, N.T., et al., The EEGs of Alfentanil, Sufentanil, and Fentanyl: A Quantitative Comparison. Anesth Analg, 1986. 65 : p. S145.

223. Smith, N.T., et al., Induction with Thiopental or Alfentanil: EEG Effects. Anesth Analg, 1986. 65 : p. S146.

224. Sebald, A., M. Quinn, and N.T. Smith, Engineering implications of closed-loop control during cardiac surgery. J Clin Monit, 1990. 6 (3): p. 241-8.

225. Rampil, I.J. and N.T. Smith, Computers in Anesthesiology , in Monitoring in Anesthesia , L. Saidman, Smith, N Ty, Editor. 1993, Butterworth-Heineman: London. p. 403-438.

226. Smith, N.T. and I. Rampil, CNS Monitoring , in Computing and Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care , K. Ikeda, et al., Editors. 1992. p. 22.

227. Smith, N.T., Monitoring and equipment. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 1992. 5 : p. 787-790.

228. Smith, N.T., Monitoring and equipment. Current Opinion in anaesthesiology, 1993. 6 : p. 927-929.

229. Dutton, R.C., W.D. Smith, and N.T. Smith, The use of the EEG to predict movement during anaesthesia. , in Consciousness, awareness, and pain in general anesthesia , R. M and L. JN, Editors. 1987, Butterworth: London. p. 72-82.

230. Smith, W., R. Dutton, and N.T. Smith, A measure of association for assessing prediction accuracy that is a generalization of non-parametric ROC area. Statistics in Medicine, 1996. 15 : p. 1199-1215.